Effect of photobiomodulation on inflammatory cytokines produced by HaCaT keratinocytes.

Objective: to evaluate the effects of the red and near-infrared wavelength lasers in isolated and simultaneous way on the modulation of inflammatory cytokines produced by human keratinocytes (HaCaT) challenged by cytokines of human monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. Design: HaCaT cells was previously exposed to the laser with wavelengths red (660 nm), near-infrared (808 nm). Then, HaCat cells were stimulated with the supernatant of lipopolysaccharide-challenged peripheral blood cells. The cytokines expressed by HaCat cells were measured using multiplex CBA assay. Results: HaCaT cells increased the production of inflammatory cytokines when stimulated with infrared laser compared to the control group (IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL -12p70, IL -17A, IL-23, IL-33), the red laser group (IFN-γ and IL-23) and the group of two lasers used simultaneously (IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-8, IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-23) (p < 0.05). The red laser also stimulated an increase in the expression of IFN-α2 by HaCaT cells in relation to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Infrared laser, with an energy density of 5 J/cm2, appear to be able to modulate inflammatory cytokines produced by HaCaT cells challenged by human monocyte cytokines.

As principais complicações em cirurgias plásticas em pacientes pós-bariátrica: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura / The main complications in plastic surgery in post-bariatric patients: An integrative review of the literature

Introdução: As intervenções cirúrgicas pós-bariátricas vêm se tornando cada vez mais frequentes e englobam a abdominoplastia, a cirurgia plástica interna da coxa, a braquioplastia e a mastopexia. Porém, devido ao caráter disabsortivo e restritivo do paciente bariátrico, esse estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as complicações advindas de procedimentos estéticos realizados nestes pacientes, expondo os fatores de risco mais associados às sequelas e levantando opções para um melhor desfecho. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de caráter qualitativo, segundo a pergunta norteadora: "Quais as principais complicações em cirurgias plásticas realizadas em pacientes bariatricados?". A busca foi realizada nas plataformas Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e PubMed. Os artigos incluídos no estudo foram analisados pelo método de conteúdo. Resultados: No total foram incluídos 6 artigos, nos quais observou-se que as principais complicações de cirurgias de contorno corporal, tais como a abdominoplastia e a braquioplastia, em pacientes bariatricados foram, principalmente, deiscência de feridas, seromas e hematomas, complicações, essas, relacionadas principalmente ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) do paciente, às suas comorbidades e ao tabagismo. Conclusão: Percebe-se, hoje, uma maior demanda pelas cirurgias plásticas reparadoras pósbariátrica, principalmente pela abdominoplastia. Consequentemente, houve, também, um aumento no número de complicações intraoperatórias, destacando-se o seroma e a deiscência de feridas. Para amenizá-las, a melhor solução é trabalhar no controle de fatores de risco pré-operatórios do paciente, tais como o IMC elevado e o tabagismo, além de comorbidades que levam à deficiência de cicatrização.

Introduction: Post-bariatric surgical interventions have become increasingly frequent, including abdominoplasty, inner thigh plastic surgery, brachioplasty, and mastopexy. However, due to bariatric patients' malabsorptive and restrictive nature, this study aims to present complications arising from aesthetic procedures performed on these patients, exposing the risk factors most associated with sequelae and raising options for a better outcome. Method: An integrative qualitative literature review was carried out according to the guiding question: "What are the main complications in plastic surgeries performed on bariatric patients?". The search was conducted on the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) and PubMed platforms. The articles included in the study were analyzed using the content method. Results: In total, 6 articles were included, in which it was observed that the main complications of body contouring surgeries, such as abdominoplasty and brachioplasty, in bariatric patients were mainly wound dehiscence, seromas and hematomas, complications, these, mainly related to the patient's body mass index (BMI), their comorbidities and smoking. Conclusion: Today, there is a greater demand for post-bariatric reconstructive plastic surgery, especially abdominoplasty. Consequently, there was also an increase in intraoperative complications, notably seroma and wound dehiscence. To alleviate them, the best solution is to work on controlling the patient's preoperative risk factors, such as high BMI and smoking, as well as comorbidities that lead to poor healing.

Densification of Synechococcus subsalsus biomass by chitosan coagulation for biogas production.

This study evaluated the coagulation/flocculation process using chitosan as a natural coagulant to concentrate suspensions of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus subsalsus and enable biogas production from concentrated biomass. The chitosan performance was tested and compared with the inorganic ferric chloride (FeCl3) coagulant. Using the liquid fraction of the coagulation/flocculation process in subsequent biomass cultivations proved viable, with similar growths in culture media with up to 80% of the liquid fraction. At pH 6 and 400 mg/L FeCl3, the biomass concentrated almost seven times, increasing the total suspended solids (TSS) of the suspension from 0.4-0.6 g/L to 2.6-4.0 g/L. With 80 mg/L chitosan and pH 7, the TSS concentration attained values in the range of 7.0-9.7 g/L, an increase of more than 30 times, clearly showing that chitosan has a much higher capacity for biomass concentration at a lower concentration. A ratio of 0.3 g chitosan/g dry mass of the biomass was established to reach the maximum densification. The production of methane from chitosan-densified biomass proved to be feasible. Chitosan-densified biomass showed a two-phase cumulative methane production when digested, with slower methane production and 23% lower methane yield after 30 days of digestion (207 NmL CH4/g CODi) compared to the biomass from cultivation (non-densified, 270 NmL CH4/g CODi). However, optimizing the digestion conditions of the densified biomass should increase the methane yield and reduce process time.

Modulation of Alveolar Macrophage Activity by Eugenol Attenuates Cigarette-Smoke-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.

This study investigates the role of eugenol (EUG) on CS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and how this compound is able to modulate macrophage activity. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 12 cigarettes/day/5days and treated 15 min/day/5days with EUG. Rat alveolar macrophages (RAMs) were exposed to CSE (5%) and treated with EUG. In vivo, EUG reduced morphological changes inflammatory cells, oxidative stress markers, while, in vitro, it induced balance in the oxidative stress and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine release while increasing the anti-inflammatory one. These results suggest that eugenol reduced CS-induced ALI and acted as a modulator of macrophage activity.

Análise do conhecimento da escala de coma de glasgow em acadêmicos de enfermagem cursando o último e penúltimo semestres / Analysis of knowledge of the glasgowcoma scale in nursing students in their last and penultimate semesters / Análisis del conocimiento de la Escala de Coma de Glasgow en estudiantes de enfermería del último y penúltimo semestre

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento da Escala de Coma de Glasgow em acadêmicos de enfermagem cursando o último e penúltimo semestres do Centro Universitário Planalto do Distrito Federal Campus Águas Claras.Método: Este estudo utilizou-se abordagem quantitativa com o método descritivo, utilizando para coleta de dados um questionário com seis questões objetivas.Resultado: A pesquisa realizada com uma amostra de 20 acadêmicos de enfermagem, evidenciou que 80% demonstraram saber o que é avaliado na escala, porém constatou-se que apenas 20% entendem como utilizar de forma correta a escala de coma de Glasgow.Conclusão: a maioria dos acadêmicospossui conhecimento teórico sobre a Escala de Coma de Glasgow, entretanto possuem déficit na aplicação da escala

Objective:to analyze the knowledge of the Glasgow Coma Scale in nursing students in the last and penultimate semesters of Centro Universitário Planalto do Distrito Federal Campus Águas Claras. Method:This study used a quantitative approach with the descriptive method, using a questionnaire with six objective questions for data collection. Results:The research carried out with a sample of 20 nursing students showed that 80% demonstrated that they know what is evaluated on the scale, but it was found that only 20% understand how to correctly use the Glasgow Coma Scale. Conclusion:most students have theoretical knowledge about the Glasgow Coma Scale, but they have deficits in the application of the scale.

Objetivo:Analizar el conocimiento de la Escala de Coma de Glasgow en estudiantes de enfermería que cursan el último y penúltimo semestre del Centro Universitario Planalto del Distrito Federal Campus Águas Claras. Método:Este estudio utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo con el método descriptivo, utilizando un cuestionario con seis preguntas objetivas para la recolección de datos. Resultados:La investigación realizada con una muestra de 20 estudiantes de enfermería mostró que el 80% demostró saber lo que se evalúa en la escala, pero se encontró que solo el 20% entiende cómo utilizar correctamente la Escala de Coma de Glasgow. Conclusión:la mayoría de los estudiantes tienen conocimientos teóricos sobre la Escala de Coma de Glasgow, pero tienen déficits en la aplicación de la escala.

Female Genital Self-image Scale (FGSIS): cut-off point, reliability, and validation of measurement properties in Brazilian women / Escala de autoimagem genital feminina (FGSIS): ponto de corte, confiabilidade e validação das propriedades de medida em mulheres brasileiras / Escala de autoimagen genital femenina (FGSIS): punto de corte, confiabilidad y validación de las propiedades de medición para mujeres brasileñas

ABSTRACT This study aimed to translate, create a cut-off point, and assess the measurement properties of the female genital self-image scale (FGSIS) in Brazilian women. Content, structural, and construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement errors were assessed in this online study. FGSIS cut-off point to classify satisfaction with genital self-image (GSI) was performed using the Partial Credit Model (PCM). In total, 614 women (28.92±9.80 years) participated in the study. The FGSIS had a one-factor structure and adequate measurement properties. FGSIS≥22 points classify women as satisfied with their GSI. Therefore, FGSIS is a simple, valid, and reliable measure to assess GSI in Brazilian women.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, criar um ponto de corte e avaliar as propriedades de medida da escala de autoimagem genital feminina (FGSIS - female genital self-image scale) em mulheres brasileiras. Validade de conteúdo, estrutural e de construto, consistência interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste e erros de medida foram avaliados neste estudo online. O ponto de corte do FGSIS para classificar a satisfação com a autoimagem genital foi realizado utilizando o modelo de crédito parcial. Participaram do estudo 614 mulheres (28,92±9,80 anos). O FGSIS apresentou estrutura unifatorial e propriedades de medidas adequadas. FGSIS≥22 pontos classifica as mulheres como satisfeitas com a autoimagem genital. Conclui-se que o FGSIS é uma medida simples, válida e confiável para avaliar a autoimagem genital em mulheres brasileiras.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue traducir, crear un punto de corte y evaluar las propiedades de medición de la escala de autoimagen genital femenina (FGSIS - female genital self-image scale) para mujeres brasileñas. En este estudio se evaluaron, en línea, la validez de contenido, estructural y de construcción, la consistencia interna, la confiabilidad test-retest y los errores de medición. El punto de corte del FGSIS para clasificar la satisfacción con la autoimagen genital se realizó mediante el modelo de crédito parcial. En el estudio participaron 614 mujeres (28,92±9,80 años). El FGSIS mostró una estructura unifactorial y adecuadas propiedades de medición. FGSIS≥22 puntos clasifica a las mujeres como satisfechas con su autoimagen genital. Se concluye que el FGSIS es una medida sencilla, válida y confiable para evaluar la autoimagen genital de mujeres brasileñas.

Reasons correlated with omission of nursing care.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reasons correlated with the omission of nursing care in a university hospital. METHOD: Analytical cross-sectional design, developed in a university hospital in Northeast Brazil, from January to February 2020. The study population consisted of nurses and nursing technicians who worked in direct patient care. The Brazilian version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey was applied in a convenience sample consisting of 227 participants (79 nurses and 148 nursing technicians). Univariate and bivariate statistics were calculated in the software Statistical Package for Social Science, version 26.0. RESULTS: The most omitted nursing care was walking three times a day or as prescribed (70.9%). The most prevalent reason was an unexpected increase in the volume and/or severity of patients in the unit (93.0%). Positive, albeit weak, correlations were found between overall care omission, as well as omissions by priority level, and reasons for omission given by nurses and nursing technicians (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study showed that the omission of nursing care covered all five dimensions of the instrument, mainly correlated with labor and material resources.

Characteristics of multidimensional pain in women with breast cancer treated at a referral hospital: a cross-sectional study / Características da dor multidimensional em mulheres com câncer de mama atendidas em um hospital de referência: estudo observacional transversal

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is composed of multiple dimensions and can affect between 10% and 30% of women with breast cancer. This study evaluated physical, emotional, social, and spiritual pain components of women with breast cancer treated in a reference hospital complex in Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 43 women diagnosed with breast cancer and treatment started. Pain and its dimensions were assessed by using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS-r), part of the Brazilian version of McGill questionnaire (Br-MPQ), Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWBS) and a questionnaire for clinical and sociodemographic data. RESULTS: The majority (79.07%) of women reported some pain at the time of the interview, with a mean of moderate pain intensity (5.28 ± 3.54). The most used expressions to describe the pain were: tiring (78.57%), nauseating (57.14%), acute (47.62) and sufocating (42.86%). The impact of pain on daily life affected the sub-items: sleep (67.44%), personal hygiene (44.18%), locomotion (48.83%), appetite/food (32.56%); in the social context 55.81% of the interviewees reported some degree of loss in work, 67.44% in leisure activities, 74.91% in domestic activities and 9.30% had early retirement. The spiritual/existential/religious scores were mostly positive. CONCLUSION: Physical, emotional, social and spiritual complaints were present in women with breast cancer and indicates the need for an early approach to pain by health professionals, especially physicians.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor é composta por múltiplas dimensões e pode afetar entre 10% e 30% das mulheres com câncer de mama. Este estudo avaliou a dor física, emocional, social e espiritual de mulheres com câncer de mama atendidas em um complexo hospitalar de referência em Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal com 43 mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama e tratamento iniciado. A dor e suas dimensões foram avaliadas por meio da Escala Visual Numérica (EVN), da Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS-r), de parte da versão brasileira do questionário McGill (Br-MPQ), além da Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS) e de um questionário contemplando dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. RESULTADOS: A maioria (79,07%) das mulheres relatou alguma dor no momento da entrevista, com média da intensidade de dor moderada (5,28 ± 3,54). As expressões mais utilizadas para descrever a dor foram: fatigante (78,57%), nauseante (57,14%), castigante (47,62) e sufocante (42,86%). O impacto da dor na vida diária afetou os subitens: sono (67,44%), higiene pessoal (44,18%), locomoção (48,83%), apetite/alimentação (32,56%); no contexto social 55,81% das entrevistadas relataram algum grau de perda no trabalho, 67,44% em atividades de lazer, 74,91% em atividades domésticas e 9,30% aposentaram-se antecipadamente. Os escores espirituais/existenciais/religiosos foram, em sua maioria, positivos. CONCLUSÃO: Queixas físicas, emocionais, sociais e espirituais estiveram presentes em mulheres com câncer de mama, indicando a necessidade de abordagem precoce da dor pelos profissionais de saúde. DESTAQUES Este artigo analisou os aspectos multidimensionais da dor em pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de mama. Todas as pacientes apresentavam queixas físicas, emocionais, sociais e espirituais. A maioria dos profissionais de saúde não abordava os aspectos multidimensionais da dor.

Experiências de discentes na assistência ao parto: projeto de extensão / Excellent experiences in child care: extension project / Experiencias de los estudiantes en cuidado del parto: proyecto de extensión

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de discentes em um projeto de extensão no Centro Obstétrico de uma maternidade de alto risco de um estado do Nordeste. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, transversal com abordagem qualitativa. Os acadêmicos relataram sobre suas experiências no período de 2018.1 a 2019.2. A análise foi feita através dos discursos dos alunos e reflexão crítica dos dados necessários para a construção deste relato. Resultados: O projeto promoveu a articulação ensino-serviço, através da integração do mesmo com uma equipe multiprofissional favoreceu a humanização da assistência ao parto e nascimento. Muitas melhorias aconteceram no ambiente de trabalho devido ao incentivo do projeto, tais como a aquisição pela instituição de tecnologias não farmacológicas para o alívio da dor, a prática dos princípios da humanização do parto e nascimento saudáveis, bem como foram desenvolvidos planos assistenciais às parturientes. Conclusão: A extensão propiciou articulação do ensino-aprendizagem no serviço, através da integração interdisciplinar e multiprofissional, constituindo uma fonte de conhecimento e desenvolvimento. (AU)

Objective: To report the experience of students in an extension project in the Obstetric Center of a high-risk maternity hospital of a northeastern state. Methods: This is a descriptive study, of the type of experience report, cross-sectional with a qualitative approach. The students reported on their experiences from 2018.1 to 2019.2. The analysis was made through the students' discourses and critical reflection of the data needed to construct this report. Results: The project promoted the teaching-service articulation, through its integration with a multiprofessional team, favoring the humanization of childbirth and birth assistance. Many improvements have occurred in the work environment due to the incentive of the project, such as the acquisition by the institution of non-pharmacological technologies for pain relief, the practice of the principles of humanization of healthy childbirth and birth, as well as assistance plans for parturients. Conclusion: The extension provided articulation of teaching-learning in the service, through interdisciplinary and multiprofessional integration, constituting a source of knowledge and development. (AU)

Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia de los estudiantes en un proyecto de extensión en el Centro Obstétrico de un hospital de maternidad de alto riesgo de un estado del noreste. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo de informe de experiencia, transversal con un enfoque cualitativo. Los estudiantes informaron sobre sus experiencias de 2018.1 a 2019.2. El análisis se realizó a través de los discursos de los estudiantes y la reflexión crítica de los datos necesarios para construir este informe. Resultados: El proyecto promovió la articulación docente-servicio, a través de su integración con una equipo multiprofesional favoreció la humanización del parto y la atención al parto. Se han producido muchas mejoras en el entorno de trabajo debido al incentivo del proyecto, como la adquisición por parte de la institución de tecnologías no farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor, la práctica de los principios de humanización del parto y el nacimiento sanos, así como los planes de asistencia para los hombres parturientes. Conclusión: La extensión proporcionó la articulación de la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el servicio, a través de la integración interdisciplinaria y multiprofesional, constituyendo una fuente de conocimiento y desarrollo. (AU)

Assessment of screening programs as a strategy for early detection of oral cancer: a systematic review.

The present study is a systematic review of the evaluation of screening programs as a strategy for early detection of oral cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether screening through visual inspection is able to identify injuries in early stages, to increase survival, and to decrease the incidence and mortality of oral cancer. Studies using visual inspection to screen for oral cancer and potentially malignant lesions in apparently healthy individuals over 18 years without previous diagnosis of the disease were included. The MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane databases Library, EMBASE, and LILACS, including manual search and gray literature, were searched through January 2021 with no language or date restrictions. The risk of bias and the methodological quality were evaluated according to the appropriate tool for each study design. The analysis of the results was narrative. Seventeen studies were reviewed that included cohort, accuracy, and randomized clinical trial studies. The tracking type performed was opportunistic and organized in a variety of environments. The age of participants ranged between 18 and 60 years old and, in some programs, only people with risk habits for oral cancer were included. The screeners were healthcare professionals, physicians, and dentists. Two studies reported data on the incidence rate of severe cases and mortality and showed a reduction when patients were at risk for the disease and participated in the program more than once. A limitation of this review was the great variability observed in the estimates of the screening effectiveness among the studies, which made comparisons difficult. If a screening program is continuous and able to ensure the inclusion of high-risk individuals, it can contribute to improvement in survival rates with a change of stage and can have a significant impact on incidence and mortality due to the disease. Registration in the Open Science Framebook (OSF) with the osf.io/zg8nr link.

Peripheral arterial disease progression and ankle brachial index: a cohort study with newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the evolution of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) since diagnosis and its association with glycemic and lipid control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the actual criteria to start screening PAD with ankle-brachial index (ABI) in T2DM patients and assess its progression and relationship with glycemic and lipid control since diagnosis. METHODS: We performed a 3-year prospective cohort study with two groups: group 1 (978 individuals with T2DM undergoing drug treatment) and group 2 [221 newly diagnosed drug-naive (< 3 months) patients with T2DM]. PAD diagnosis was by ABI ≤ 0.90, regardless any symptoms. RESULTS: As expected, abnormal ABI prevalence was higher in group 1 vs. Group 2 (87% vs. 60%, p < 0.001). However, abnormal ABI prevalence did not differ between patients over and under 50 years in both groups. Our drug-naive group stabilizes ABI (0.9 ± 0.1 vs 0.9 ± 0.1, p = NS) and improved glycemic and lipid control during follow-up [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) = 8.9 ± 2.1 vs 8.4 ± 2.3%, p < 0.05; LDL = 132 ± 45 vs 113 ± 38 mg/dL, p < 0.01, respectively]. When compared, patients who evolved with normalization or maintained normal ABI levels at the end [Group A, N = 60 (42%)] with those who decreased ABI to abnormal levels (ABI basal 1.0 ± 0.1 vs final 0.85 ± 0.1, p < 0.001) [Group B, N = 26 (18%)], an improvement in HbA1c (9 ± 2 vs 8 ± 2%, p < 0.05) and a correlation between the final HbA1c with ABI (r = - 0.3, p = 0.01) was found only in the first. In addition, a correlation was found between albuminuria variation and ABI solely in group A (r = - 0.3; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that ABI should be measured at diagnosis in T2DM patients, indicating that current criteria to select patients to screen PAD with ABI must be simplified. An improvement in albuminuria and glycemic and lipid control could be related with ABI normalization in newly diagnosed T2DM drug-naive patients.

Health-related quality of life in T1DM patients after high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation: data from a pilot clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Cross-sectional studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D (VD) may impair HRQoL, however, the effect of VD supplementation on quality of life in T1DM patients has not yet been clarified. Our study evaluated the effects of high-dose VD supplementation on HRQoL in T1DM. METHODS: We performed a prospective study with 64 patients receiving cholecalciferol (4000 IU/day for patients with 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] between 30 and 60 ng/mL, and 10,000 IU/day for those with 25(OH)D below 30 ng/mL) for 12 weeks, as part of a research protocol. HRQoL was assessed with EuroQol instruments (EQ-5D and EQ-VAS). RESULTS: There was an improvement in global EQ-5D index, and analysing specifically the EQ-5D domains, we observed an improvement in mobility (1.3 ± 0.6 versus 1.1 ± 0.3, p < 0.01). Evaluating possible outcome influencing variables, we detected a reduction in albuminuria at the end of the trial, without changes in BMI, lipids, blood pressure, glycemic control and insulin doses. We found correlations between final albuminuria and the dimensions: mobility (r = 0.6; p < 0.01), personal care (r = 0.7; p < 0.01), pain and discomfort (r = 0.6; p < 0.01) and habitual activities (r = 0.6; p < 0.01), suggesting an association between albuminuria reduction and the impact of VD supplementation on HRQoL. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that high doses of cholecalciferol supplementation can improve HRQoL in patients with T1DM, and the reduction of albuminuria seems to be an important factor in this context. TRIAL REGISTRATION: (ISRCTN32601947), 03/06/2017 retrospectively registered.

Evaluation of the female pelvic floor with infrared thermography: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Infrared thermography (IRT) is an easy-to-use, noninvasive and pain-free tool that can be used to evaluate function of the pelvic floor (PF) muscles. OBJECTIVE: To analyze vaginal manometry, temperature, and percentage of colors achieved through IRT of the PF muscles at rest and during maximum voluntary contraction. The relationship between PF muscles strength and IRT temperature was also assessed. METHODS: Two-hundred and thirty-one women (mean ± SD age: 58.4±5.9 years) participated in this study. IRT recorded the minimum, average, and maximum temperatures, and the colors of the PF area at rest and during maximum voluntary contraction. The pressure applied during the three maximum voluntary PF contractions was evaluated through vaginal manometry. RESULTS: The women had a PF average temperature of 36.4 ± 0.8°C. There were no differences in the IRT temperatures between rest and during PF muscles contraction. The percentages of white, red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, and blue colors were different at rest and during contraction. Warm colors became more visible in the center of the image during the PF muscles maximum voluntary contraction. There was a positive correlation between the PF average temperature and PF manometry (r=0.7; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The IRT was not able to detect differences in the temperature of the PF area between at rest and during contraction. However, a strong correlation between PF temperature and vaginal manometry was found.

Mudanças e continuidades entre o Chile Solidario e o Ingreso Ético Familiar / Cambios y continuidades entre el programa Chile Solidario e Ingreso Ético Familiar / Change and continuity between Chile Solidario and Ingreso Ético Familiar

Resumo Este artigo apresenta e discute os programas de transferência monetária condicionada implementadas no Chile, o Chile Solidario (2002-2013) e o Ingreso Ético Familiar (2013-presente), procurando identificar continuidades e diferenças entre as duas iniciativas. Tendo por base a literatura sobre mudanças em políticas públicas e, em particular, a tipologia proposta por Howlett e Cashore (2009), que distinguem entre fins e meios, faz-se uma comparação entre os dois programas, de modo a identificar objetivos e mecanismos que se mantêm, quais se alteram, bem como as novidades introduzidas. Argumenta-se que, apesar de ter sido apresentado como um programa inovador em relação ao seu antecessor, o Ingreso Ético Familiar, o Chile Solidario mantém os atributos daquele, aos quais se adicionam alguns novos elementos. O artigo traz contributos em duas áreas: traça a evolução da política de transferência condicionada no Chile nas duas últimas décadas e dialoga com a literatura sobre mudança em política social.

Resumen El artículo presenta y discute los programas de transferencia condicionada chilenas - el Chile Solidario (2002-2013) y el Ingreso Ético Familiar (2013-presente) - y busca identificar continuidades y diferencias entre las dos iniciativas. Teniendo como base la literatura acerca de cambio en políticas públicas y, en particular, la tipología propuesta por Howlett y Cashore (2009) que distingue entre fines y medios, se realizar un análisis comparado entre ambos programas, buscando identificar los objetivos y mecanismos que persisten, los que se modifican y si se introducen innovaciones. Como resultado, pese a que haya sido presentado como un programa innovador en relación al anterior, el Ingreso Ético Familiar mantiene los principales atributos de Chile Solidario, a los cuales son añadidos algunos nuevos elementos. El artículo busca hacer contribuciones en dos áreas: (1) mapear la evolución de los programas de transferencia condicionada en las dos últimas décadas y (2) dialogar con la literatura sobre cambios en política social.

Abstract This article presents and discusses the two conditional cash transfer initiatives implemented in Chile - Chile Solidario (2002-2013) and Ingreso Ético Solidario (2013-present) - and aim at identifying continuities and change between the two. A comparison of the two programmes, based on Howlett and Cashore's (2009) tipology for analysing policy change that distinguished between ends and means, allows the identification of continuities and changes regarding the goals and mechanisms present in the two programmes. The article argues that despite being announced as an innovative measure in regard to the previous programme, Ingreso Etico Familiar maintains the core characteristics of Chile Solidario and includes some additional elements. This article makes two different contributions: (1) it traces the evolution of conditional cash transfers programmes in Chile over the past two decades and (2) it establishes a dialogue with the literatures on changes to social policy.

High-dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Is there an Improvement in Glycemic Control?

BACKGROUND: Some authors evaluated the effect of VD on hyperglycemia in T1DM, but the results remain controversial. This study aims to analyze the effects of high-dose VD supplementation on T1DM patients' glycemic levels, maintaining stable doses of insulin. METHODS: Prospective, 12-week clinical trial including 67 T1DM patients, supplemented with high doses of cholecalciferol according to participants' VD value. Patients with VD levels below 30 ng/mL received 10,000 IU/day; those with levels between 30-60 ng/mL received 4,000 IU/day. Patients who had not achieved 25(OH)D levels > 30 ng/ml or presented insulin dose variation during the study were not analyzed. RESULTS: Only 46 out of 67 patients accomplished the criteria at the end of the study. There was no general improvement in the glycemic control evaluated by HbA1c (9.4 ± 2.4 vs 9.4 ± 2.6, p=NS) after VD supplementation. However, a post-hoc analysis, based on HbA1c variation, identified patients who had HbA1c reduced at least 0.6% (group 1, N = 13 (28%)). In addition, a correlation between 25(OH)D levels with HbA1c and total insulin dose at the end of the study was observed (r = -0.3, p<0.05; r=-0.4, p<0.05, respectively), and a regression model demonstrated that 25(OH)D was independent of BMI, duration of T1DM and final total insulin dose, being capable of determining 9.2% of HbA1c final levels (Unstandardized B coefficient = -0.033 (CI 95%: -0.064 to -0.002), r2 = 0.1, p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that VD is not widely recommended for glycemic control. Nevertheless, specific patients might benefit from this approach.

Reasons correlated with omission of nursing care / Motivos correlacionados con la omisión de cuidados de enfermería / Razões correlacionadas a omissão de cuidados de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the reasons correlated with the omission of nursing care in a university hospital. Method: Analytical cross-sectional design, developed in a university hospital in Northeast Brazil, from January to February 2020. The study population consisted of nurses and nursing technicians who worked in direct patient care. The Brazilian version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey was applied in a convenience sample consisting of 227 participants (79 nurses and 148 nursing technicians). Univariate and bivariate statistics were calculated in the software Statistical Package for Social Science, version 26.0. Results: The most omitted nursing care was walking three times a day or as prescribed (70.9%). The most prevalent reason was an unexpected increase in the volume and/or severity of patients in the unit (93.0%). Positive, albeit weak, correlations were found between overall care omission, as well as omissions by priority level, and reasons for omission given by nurses and nursing technicians (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that the omission of nursing care covered all five dimensions of the instrument, mainly correlated with labor and material resources.

RESUMEN Objectivo: Evaluar los motivos correlacionados con la omisión de cuidados de enfermería en un hospital universitario. Método: Diseño transversal analítico, desarrollado en un hospital universitario en el Nordeste de Brasil, de enero a febrero de 2020. La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería que actuaban en el cuidado directo del paciente. La versión brasileña de la Missed Nursing Care Survey en una muestra por conveniencia compuesta por 227 participantes (79 enfermeros y 148 técnicos de enfermería). Las estadísticas univariadas y bivariadas se calcularon en el Software Statistical Package for Social Science, versión 26.0. Resultados: El cuidado de enfermería más omitido fue caminar tres veces al día o según prescripción (70,9%). El motivo más prevalente fue un aumento inesperado en el volumen y/o gravedad de los pacientes en la unidad (93,0%). Se encontraron correlaciones positivas, aunque débiles, entre la omisión de cuidados generales, así como por nivel de prioridad, y las razones de omisión atribuidas por enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería (p < 0,05). Conclusión: El estudio mostró que la omisión del cuidado de enfermería abarcó las cinco dimensiones del instrumento, principalmente correlacionadas con los recursos laborales y materiales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as razões correlacionadas à omissão de cuidados de enfermagem em um hospital universitário. Método: Delineamento transversal analítico, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário do Nordeste do Brasil, nos meses de janeiro a fevereiro de 2020. A população do estudo compreendeu enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem que atuavam na assistência direta ao paciente. Aplicou-se a versão brasileira do Missed Nursing Care Survey em uma amostra por conveniência composta por 227 participantes (79 enfermeiros e 148 técnicos de enfermagem). Foram calculadas estatísticas uni e bivariadas no software Statistical Package for social Science, versão 26.0. Resultados: O cuidado de enfermagem mais omitido foi deambulação três vezes por dia ou conforme prescrito (70,9%). A razão mais prevalente foi aumento inesperado do volume e/ou gravidade dos pacientes da unidade (93,0%). Foram verificadas correlações positivas, embora fracas, entre a omissão de cuidados geral, bem como por nível de prioridade, e razões de omissão atribuídas pelos enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem (p < 0,05). Conclusão O estudo evidenciou que a omissão de cuidados de enfermagem abrangeu todas as cinco dimensões do instrumento correlacionados principalmente aos recursos laborais e materiais.

Physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy for reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Elderly people with dementia may exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms throughout the course of disease. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as regular physical activity, are considered strategies for managing these symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether participation in physical exercise programs is effective in reducing behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. METHODS: A literature review was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases from 2010 to 2020. The eligible studies were randomized clinical trials involving elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and assessing changes in neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms as primary or secondary outcomes. The studies had a group with only physical exercise as an intervention compared to a control group. RESULTS: Of 175 publications identified in the initial survey, only 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. Four out of 7 studies demonstrated positive effects in reducing behavioral symptoms, while the others did not report differences between gains according to the type of protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to intense aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises may have a potential benefit in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia, but studies varied in their conclusions. This review indicates the need for further intervention studies to investigate, as a primary outcome, the absolute effect of physical exercise and its impact on behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly people with MCI dementia, especially in the early stages of the disease.

Physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy for reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials / Exercício físico como estratégia não farmacológica para a redução de sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados

ABSTRACT Background: Elderly people with dementia may exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms throughout the course of disease. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as regular physical activity, are considered strategies for managing these symptoms. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether participation in physical exercise programs is effective in reducing behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. Methods: A literature review was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases from 2010 to 2020. The eligible studies were randomized clinical trials involving elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and assessing changes in neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms as primary or secondary outcomes. The studies had a group with only physical exercise as an intervention compared to a control group. Results: Of 175 publications identified in the initial survey, only 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. Four out of 7 studies demonstrated positive effects in reducing behavioral symptoms, while the others did not report differences between gains according to the type of protocol. Conclusions: Moderate to intense aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises may have a potential benefit in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia, but studies varied in their conclusions. This review indicates the need for further intervention studies to investigate, as a primary outcome, the absolute effect of physical exercise and its impact on behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly people with MCI dementia, especially in the early stages of the disease.

RESUMO Antecedentes: Idosos com demência podem manifestar sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos durante o percurso da doença. Terapias não farmacológicas, como por exemplo a atividade física regular, são consideradas como uma das estratégias para manejar esses sintomas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar se a participação em programas de exercício físico é efetiva na redução de sintomas comportamentais e neuropsiquiátricos de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e demência. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online — MEDLINE (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Scopus e SPORTDiscus de 2010 a 2020. Os estudos elegíveis foram: ensaios clínicos randomizados envolvendo idosos com CCL ou demência, que medissem como desfecho primário ou secundário a mudança nos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e psicológicos. Os estudos tiveram grupo com apenas o exercício físico como intervenção em comparação a um grupo controle. Resultados: De 175 publicações identificadas na pesquisa inicial, apenas sete estudos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Quatro em sete estudos demonstraram efeitos positivos na redução dos sintomas comportamentais, enquanto os demais não fizeram diferenciação entre os ganhos conforme o tipo de protocolo. Conclusões: Exercícios aeróbicos e de fortalecimento muscular de intensidade moderada a vigorosa podem ter um benefício potencial no manejo dos sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais da demência. Esta revisão mostrou a necessidade de mais estudos de intervenção, buscando investigar como desfecho primário o efeito absoluto do exercício físico e seu impacto nos sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos de idosos com CCL e demência, principalmente nas fases iniciais da doença.

Association Between 25(OH)Vitamin D, HbA1c and Albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus: Data From a Population-Based Study (VIDAMAZON).

Background: The effect of glycemic control on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is well known. Recent evidence has suggested that Vitamin D (VD) may have a nephroprotective effect in diabetes, but the relationship between VD, glycemic control, and albuminuria has yet to be clarified. Objective: Evaluate the relationship between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D], HbA1c, and albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1576 individuals with DM who had 25(OH)D, HbA1c, and albuminuria levels measured. Patients with abnormal creatinine levels were excluded, in order to avoid interference on VD levels by impaired kidney function. Results: Patients with HbA1c ≥7% had lower 25(OH)D when compared to patients with HbA1c <7% (29.7 ± 10.2 vs 28.1 ± 9.9 ng/ml, p = 0.003) and 25(OH)D levels seems to predict 1.5% of HbA1c behavior. The 25(OH)D concentrations in patients with normoalbuminuria were higher than the levels observed in those with micro or macroalbuminuria (29.8 ± 9.0 vs 26.8 ± 8.6 and 25.1 ± 7.6, respectively, p = 0.001), patients who had 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml and 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml were at a higher risk of presenting albuminuria [OR = 2.8 (95% CI = 1.6 - 4.9), p<0.001, and OR = 2.1 (95% CI = 1.3 - 4.6), p<0.001, respectively]. In our regression model, albuminuria was influenced by HbA1c (r² = 0.076, p<0.00001) and 25(OH)D (r² = 0.018, p = 0.002) independently. Conclusion: Our study found an association between vitamin D levels, HbA1c and DKD. Additionally, our data suggest that the association between urinary albumin excretion and vitamin D levels is independent of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Even though our patients presented normal creatinine levels, it is necessary further prospective studies to confirm if this association precedes or not the loss of renal function.

Evaluation of satisfaction of pelvic floor muscle training isolated and associated with tibial nerve stimulation in women with mixed urinary incontinence: A randomized, single-blinded clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the satisfaction degree and pelvic floor manometry after pelvic floor muscle training isolated and associated with tibial nerve stimulation in women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, single-blinded clinical trial was conducted. 24 women diagnosed with MUI were equally divided into two groups: pelvic floor muscle training isolated and associated to transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS). The study occurred in four stages: 1) evaluation: general information, pelvic floor manometry, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence - Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Overactive Bladder (OAB) application; 2) intervention: carried out over 2 months twice a week; 3) post-intervention evaluation: vaginal manometry, reapplication of the questionnaires and the Patient Global Impression (PGI) application at the end of the 2-month intervention; and, 4) follow-up: evaluation after 1 month of the end of the intervention. The primary outcome was the ICIQ-UI-SF and the secondary outcomes were ICIQ-OAB, vaginal manometry, and PGI. The repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the time-to-group interaction by assigning a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: There was no interaction between time and group for ICIQ-UI-SF (p = 0.17) and manometry (p = 0.56). There was interaction for ICIQ-OAB (p < 0.01). PGI was reported as "much better" with 41.67% in the PFMTG + TTNS and 16.67% in the PFMTG after the intervention (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed weak evidence that TTNS, in combination with PFMT, may be an intervention that can be used to treat MUI. The satisfaction degree was better with associated intervention.